Grasping ODE by intuition

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Consider following differential equation

$$\frac{dy}{dx} = y^2(1+x^2)$$

Its solution is:

$$y(x) = \frac{-1}{x+\frac{1}{3}x^3+C}$$

As I read in one book, following must be satisfied:

$$\frac{dy(x)}{dx} = f(y(x))$$

And it is, plugging $y(x)$ to $y^2(1+x^2)$ will yield $y'(x)$, that is:

$$\frac{1+x^2}{(x+\frac{1}{3}x^3+C)^2}$$

Role of $\frac{dy(x)}{dx}$ is easy to grasp by intuition – $y(x)$ it's a function that matches slope "description" provided by $y^2(1+x^2)$, differentiating it will give the slope "description". But how to explain that $y(x)$ has to be substituted also on right side of $\frac{dy}{dx} = y^2(1+x^2)$?