History of Cohomology's formula $d^2=0$

Question

I understand that the formula $d^2=0$ is an essential formula in all cohomology. So I suddenly became curious about the history of the formula $d^2=0$. Of course, this formula overlaps with Gauss's formula and Green's theorem, so it may have a similar history with these formulas, but I am curious about the specific origin and history of $d^2=0$. So, if you know about this, I would appreciate it if you could provide an answer or recommend a related book.