How can I find the gradient of this function? $f(r,t)=r^3\cos(t).$

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$$f(r,t)=r^3\cos(t).$$ Is it not like this: $<3r^2,-\sin(t)>$

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You'll need to compute the first partial derivatives of $f(r,t)$ to find the gradient. For example, your first component will be $3r^2\cos(t),$ not just $3r^2,$ since partial differentiation with respect to $r$ treats any other variable ($t$ in particular) as a constant. Likewise, you'll need to fix your second component.

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may be $<3r^2\cos t,-r^3\sin t>$