how can I show changes in X on its own even though it is HEAVILY influenced by Y?

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I am so out of my depth I don't even know how to ask the question properly, really looking for an "ELI5" to show me where to start looking...

Over time, X grows. It's influenced by many things, but the most important thing is Y.

is it possible to project X's growth without the influence of Y?

Made up numbers:

2020:
x = 300
y = 400

2021:
x = 750
y = 930

2022:
x = 325
y = 600

2023:
x = 375
y = 500

... obviously in 2021 things jumped a lot due to Y. but there would have been an increase anyway...