How did the concept of quartile and Inter-quartile Range came into existence?

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What is the sequence of historical events that led to the creation of the concept of quartile and Inter-quartile Range? And while calculating IQR, why do we consider the 75th percentile as the upper quartile and the 25th percentile as the lower quartile, and why not the 90th percentile as the upper quartile and the 10th percentile as the lower quartile?