How did the convention of 'multiplying' using the cross symbol $4\times 3$ become $4\cdot 3$, using a dot in the middle?
2026-04-07 23:01:25.1775602885
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How did the convention of 'multiplying' using $4\times 3$ become $4\cdot 3$?
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From A Brief History of Algebraic Notation by Lynn Stallings:
Textbook writer William Oughtred...was the first to use the St. Andrew's Cross, $\times$, for multiplication in his 1631 Clavis Mathimaticae...Seventeenth century German genius Leibniz criticized Oughtred's use of the cross...because it looked too much like the letter $x$; he suggested the $\cdot$ for multiplication in its place.
As far as I know this originated from Leibniz around 1695 because he thought that you could too easily mistake the multiplying symbol $\times$ for the variable $x$ and he used a point instead. He first used it in a correspondence in 1698.