How do I define a full set of orthogonal basis functions?

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I'm doing an undergraduate-level course in media computing. I have some background in linear algebra but I can't seem to wrap my head around this.

I'm given a signal = $3 + 2sin(6\pi t) + 7cos(12\pi t) + 5sin(30 \pi t)$ and I am tasked to define a full set of orthogonal basis functions that can space the occupied by sinusoidal signals of $f$ Hz, where $f$ is an integer ranging from 0 to $N$.

I am then tasked to determine what is $N$ so that this set of basis functions defines a space that the aforementioned signal lives in.

How do I go about starting it? What should I be thinking of?

Edit: I am able to solve question 1. I think I have a pretty good idea of what I am looking for with regards to Q2. However, I have no idea as to how to approach it.

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