How do taylor expansions map a set of countable coefficients to a function that exists on an uncountable set of points?

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So given that a taylor-series expansion is exact for an infinitely-times differentiable function, how does this constraint permit a bijective mapping of the function to a countable list of coefficients? How would you prove this is ok?

Additionally There exists several constraints that permit such a mapping, another example would be the Fourier coefficients for any periodic function. So to generalize the question is there a way to define the amount of information a function holds based off the constraints given?