Proposition 8.2 of Majid's primer on quantum groups says that if $H$ is a finite dimensional Hopf algebra with quantum double $D(H)$, then this is a factorizable Hopf algebra with quasi-triangular structure $$ R=\sum_a (f^a\otimes 1)\otimes (1\otimes e_a) $$ where $\{e_a\}$ is a basis of $H$, and $\{f^a\}$ the dual basis.
The axiom $(\Delta\otimes\operatorname{id})R=R_{13}R_{23}$ translates to $$ (f^a_{(1)}\otimes 1)\otimes (f^a_{(2)}\otimes 1)\otimes (1\otimes e_a)=(f^a\otimes 1)\otimes (f^b\otimes 1)\otimes (1\otimes e_ae_b). \quad(\ast) $$
It says evaluating against $\phi\in H^\ast$ in the third factor gives both sides of this identity as $\phi_{(1)}\otimes 1\otimes\phi_{(2)}\otimes 1\otimes 1$.
What does it mean to "evaluate against $\phi\in H^\ast$ in the third factor? Does that mean compute $$ \langle (f^a_{(1)}\otimes 1)\otimes (f^a_{(2)}\otimes 1)\otimes (1\otimes e_a),(1\otimes 1)\otimes (1\otimes 1)\otimes (\phi\otimes 1)\rangle$$
If so, I don't know what to make of this expression, I know $H$ and $H^\ast$ are dually paired by the evaluation $\langle \phi,h\rangle=\phi(h)$, but I don't know what this means for $D(H)\otimes D(H)\otimes D(H)$, nor how it would lead to $\phi_{(1)}\otimes 1\otimes\phi_{(2)}\otimes 1\otimes 1$.
So I think evaluation pairing of $H^\ast$ and $H$ induces a pairing of $D(H)=H^\ast\otimes H$ and $D(H)^\ast=H^{\ast\ast}\otimes H^{\ast}=H\otimes H^\ast$ by $$ \langle \phi\otimes g,h\otimes \psi\rangle=\langle \phi,h\rangle\langle g,\psi\rangle=\phi(h)\psi(g) $$ which induces of pairing of $D(H)^{\otimes 3}$ and $D(H)^{\ast\ \otimes 3}$ by $$ \langle (\phi\otimes g)\otimes (\psi\otimes h)\otimes (\chi\otimes k),(a\otimes \alpha)\otimes(b\otimes\beta)\otimes(c\otimes \gamma)\rangle=\langle \phi\otimes g,a\otimes\alpha\rangle\langle \psi\otimes h,b\otimes\beta\rangle\langle \chi\otimes k,c\otimes\gamma\rangle = \phi(a)\alpha(g)\psi(b)\beta(h)\chi(c)\gamma(k) $$
Edit: So wouldn't evaluating both sides of $(\ast)$ above against $(1\otimes 1)\otimes (1\otimes 1)\otimes (1\otimes \phi)$ give $$ \epsilon(f^a_{(1)})\epsilon(f^a_{(2)})\phi(e_a) $$ and $$ \epsilon(f^a)\epsilon(f^b)\phi(e_ae_b)? $$ How does this lead to $\phi_{(1)}\otimes 1\otimes \phi_{(2)}\otimes 1\otimes 1$?
The pairing of $ H^* $ and $ H $ gives a pairing of $ D(H) \otimes D(H)^* $, which induces a pairing of $ D(H) \otimes D(H) \otimes D(H) $ and $ D(H)^* \otimes D(H)^* \otimes D(H)^* $. You are evaluating the partial pairing with $ 1 \otimes \phi $ in the third tensor product.
More precisely, in the equation: $$ (f^a_{(1)}\otimes 1)\otimes (f^a_{(2)}\otimes 1)\otimes (1\otimes e_a)=(f^a\otimes 1)\otimes (f^b\otimes 1)\otimes (1\otimes e_ae_b). $$ each side is inside $ D(H) \otimes D(H) \otimes D(H) $, or dually, it as a map $ D(H)^* \rightarrow D(H) \otimes D(H) $. 'Evaluating against' $ 1 \otimes \phi \in H \otimes H^* \approx D(H)^* $ is just checking the image of $ \phi $ on each side.
EDIT: Generally, one can write $ T: V \rightarrow V $ as $ T = \sum_i v_i \otimes \alpha^i $ for $ v_i \in V $ and $ \alpha^i \in V^* $. Then, for $ x \in V $, $ T(x) = \sum v_i \langle \alpha_i x \rangle $.
Now, returning to our case, by definition of dual basis, a vector $ v \in H $ can be written $ v = \sum_a e_a \langle f^a, v \rangle $, which means the identity matrix is $ \sum_a e_a \otimes f^a $. Similarly the identity matrix on $ H \otimes H $ is $ \sum_{a,b} e_a \otimes e_b \; f^a \otimes f^b $.
Next, since $ \Delta f^a = f^a_{(1)} \otimes f^a_{(2)} $, one has $ \Delta \psi = \sum_a f^a_{(1)} \otimes f^a_{(2)} \langle e_a, \psi \rangle $.
Finally, we have $$ f^a \otimes f^b \langle e_a e_b, \psi \rangle = f^a \otimes f^b \langle e_a \otimes e_b, \Delta \psi \rangle \\ = f^a \otimes f^b \langle e_a \otimes e_b, \psi_{(1)} \otimes \psi_{(2)} \rangle \\ = \psi_{(1)} \otimes \psi_{(2)} $$
Now let us compute the image of $(1 \otimes \phi ) $: $$ (f^a_{(1)}\otimes 1)\otimes (f^a_{(2)}\otimes 1)\otimes (1\otimes e_a) \cdot (1 \otimes \phi ) = f^a_{(1)}\otimes 1 \otimes f^a_{(2)}\otimes 1 \langle e_a, \psi \rangle \\ = \psi_{(1)} \otimes 1 \otimes \psi_{(2)} \otimes 1 $$
The other side, I hope you will try.