I have seen authors use $\star$, $\ast$, $\cdot$ and $\odot$ to represent arbitrary binary operations on sets. I'm wondering, what is the standard way to read or pronounce something like $a \star b$? How would you read $a \odot b$?
2026-03-25 14:29:22.1774448962
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How does one pronounce $a \odot b$?
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I try to read from the context what it's supposed to mean. Most of the time I can extract how it's pronounced by just looking at the preceding text.
Without context I read $\odot$ as tropical multiplication and $\star$ as convolution (of some kind), but of course they can represent some other binary operation just as well. For $\cdot$ I could use either dot or times and $*$ could be times or star, I guess.
But most of the time there is a context, isn't it? If not, then my main priority would be to try and find the context.
Usually, when I write such an operator into a problem, I use some variant of an asterisk or star (often a circled asterisk), reading it as "star" in my head. If I'm not using some sort of star, I usually use a circled or boxed X-type symbol and read it as "cross" in my head.