I want to use Łoś's theorem to show that finite groups, $p$-groups, and torsion groups do not form elementary classes. Thus, I have to construct the ultraproduct, say, of some finite groups that is not finite. Can you please tell me what groups and ultrafilters I have to choose? Can I restrict myself with ultrafilters over $\omega$? Shall I use principal, or non-principal ultrafilters?
2026-03-26 22:55:34.1774565734
How to choose ultraproducts to prove that the class of finite ($p$, torsion) groups is not elementary?
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For each $n\in \omega$, let $G_n = \mathbb{Z}/p^n\mathbb{Z}$. Note that each $G_n$ is a finite group, a torsion group, and a $p$-group. Let $U$ be any non-principal ultrafilter on $\omega$. Let $G = \prod_U G_n$ be the ultraproduct of the $G_n$ by $U$. The element represented by $(1,1,1,\dots)$ in $G$ has infinite order. This shows that $G$ is infinite, not torsion, and not a $p$-group.