How to determine a function is bounded variation function on the real line?

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I know that on a compact subset of the real line: continuous differentiable $\subset$ Lipschitz continuous $\subset$ abosolutely continuous $\subset$ bounded variation

Is there any theorem or criteria for determining whether a function is bounded variation function on the real line?

Or we can only prove or disprove from the definition?

For example: $f(x) = x + \sin(x)$