how to differentiate and integrate second order differential

880 Views Asked by At

when doing second order differential equation sometimes i suppose $y'=p$
$$\frac{d^2y}{dx^2}=\frac{dp}{dx}=\frac{dp}{dy}.\frac{dy}{dx}=p.\frac{dp}{dy}$$
what is the relation of chain rule with second order differential?

$\displaystyle \frac{u"}{u'}+(1-\frac{1}{x-1})=0 $

I want to integrate this. Should i suppose $u'=b$ and $u"=b'$ ?

Or should I use $\displaystyle\frac{d^2y}{dx^2}=\frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{dp}{dy}.\frac{dy}{dx}=p.\frac{dp}{dy}$ ??

1

There are 1 best solutions below

9
On BEST ANSWER

Here you have the case where $u$ (dependent variable) is missing. With the substitution $u'=y$ you get a first order linear differential equation:

$$y^{'}+\left(1-\frac1x\right)y=0$$

This first order differential equation can be solved by separating the variables.


If the independent variable is missing then you use

$$\frac{d^2y}{dx^2}=\frac{dp}{dx}=\frac{dp}{dy}.\frac{dy}{dx}=p.\frac{dp}{dy}$$

Example:

$\frac{d^2y}{dx^2}=-\frac{2}{1-y}\left(\frac{dy}{dx}\right)^2$

$\frac{dy}{dx}=p \quad (\color{blue}*)$

$p\frac{dp}{dy}=-\frac{2}{1-y} \cdot p^2$

Dividing the equation by $p^2$ and multipling it by $dy$

$\frac{dp}{p}=-\frac{2}{1-y} \ dy$

$p=c_1\cdot (1-y)^2$

We can use $*$ and get $\frac{dy}{dx}=c_1\cdot (1-y)^2$.

After the variables has been separated this differential equation can be solved as well.