How to prove that $\overline{\Bbb H^1} \times \overline{\Bbb H^1} \cong \overline{\Bbb H^2}$?

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Let $\overline{\Bbb H^n} = \{(x^1, ..., x^n) \in \Bbb R^n \mid x^n \geq 0\}$, equipped with the usual subspace topology of $\Bbb R^n$.

I'm trying to prove that $\overline{\Bbb H^1} \times \overline{\Bbb H^1}$ is homeomorphic to $\overline{\Bbb H^2}$.

I can see it "visually" (it's like opening a book) but I don't know how to find an explicit map...

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So we are actually trying to show $[0, +\infty\rangle \times [0, +\infty\rangle \cong \mathbb{R} \times [0, +\infty\rangle$.

As @Moishe Coher suggests, you can use polar coordinates. Notice that:

$$[0, +\infty\rangle \times [0, +\infty\rangle = \left\{(r,\phi) : r \ge 0, \phi\in \left[0, \frac\pi2\right]\right\}$$ $$\mathbb{R} \times [0, +\infty\rangle = \left\{(r,\phi) : r \ge 0, \phi\in \left[0, \pi\right]\right\}$$

Obviously we should consider the map $f : [0, +\infty\rangle \times [0, +\infty\rangle \to \mathbb{R} \times [0, +\infty\rangle$ given by $$(r,\phi) \stackrel{f}{\mapsto} (r,2\phi)$$ It is indeed a homeomorphism of the two spaces.


You can express $f$ explicitly in Cartesian coordinates. After a bit of computation we arrive at the formula:

$$f(x,y) = \begin{cases} \frac1{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}}\left(x^2-y^2, 2xy\right), & \text{if $(x,y) \ne (0,0)$} \\ (0,0), & \text{if $(x,y) = (0,0)$} \end{cases}$$

$f$ is obviously continuous for $(x,y) \ne (0,0)$. To verify continuity of $(0,0)$ note that

$$\|f(x,y)\|^2 = \frac{(x^2-y^2)+4x^2y^2}{x^2+y^2} = x^2 + y^2 = \|(x,y)\|^2$$

The inverse function is given explicitly as:

$$f^{-1}(x,y) = \begin{cases} \frac1{\sqrt{2}}\left( w(x,y), \frac{-2x\sqrt{x^2+y^2}w(x,y) + w(x,y)^{3}}{y\sqrt{x^2+y^2}} \right), & \text{if $(x,y) \ne (0,0)$} \\ (0,0), & \text{if $(x,y) = (0,0)$} \end{cases}$$

where $w(x,y) = \sqrt{x\sqrt{x^2+y^2} + x^2 + y^2}$.

Again, continuity of $f^{-1}$ at $(x,y) \ne (0,0)$ is evident from the formula, while continuity at $(0,0)$ follows from $\|f^{-1}(x,y)\| = \|(x,y)\|$.

We conclude that $f$ is a homeomorphism.