How to represent a sequence as a constant-recursive sequence?

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A constant-recursive sequence is $$x_{i+m} = a_{m-1}x_{i+m-1} + a_{m-2}x_{i+m-2} + \cdots + a_0x_i,\tag{*} $$ where m is the order of sequence and $a_i$ is integer. The sequence $\{2, 3, 4, 9, 8, 27, 16, 81, ...\}$ is a constant-recursive sequence. But I can't represent it in the form of $(*)$.

It can be noted that this sequence consists of two trivial subsequences $2x_{i}$ for $\{2, 4, 8, 16, 32, ...\}$ and $3x_{i}$ for $\{3, 9, 27, 81, 243, ...\}$.

The question is how the sequence $\{2, 3, 4, 9, 8, 27, 16, 81, ...\}$ can be represented as $( * )$. I would like to see general approaches for solving such problems (when there is an initial sequence consisting of two trivial subsequences).

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This answer assumes you know how the closed formula for $x_n$ corresponds to the roots of the polynomial:

$$p(x)=x^m-a_{m-1}x^{m-1}-\cdots-a_0$$

Assuming indices start at $i=0.$

The sequence $$y=(2,0,4,0,8,0,\dots)$$ can be written as:

$$y_i=\frac{(\sqrt 2)^{i+2}+(-\sqrt 2)^{i+2}}{2}$$

Similarly, $$z=(0,3,0,9,0,\dots)$$ can be written:

$$z_i=\frac{(\sqrt 3)^{i+1}+(-\sqrt 3)^{i+1}}{2}$$

So your sequence, $y+z,$ corresponds to the polynomial $(x^2-2)(x^2-3)=x^4-5x^2+6,$ which has roots $\pm \sqrt 2,\pm\sqrt 3.$


More generally, if $x_i$ is a recurrence corresponding to $p(x)$ and $y_i$ aecurrence correspondind to $q(x)$ then $$(x_1,y_1,x_2,y_2,\dots)$$ corresponds to: $$p(x^2)q(x^2)$$

(Sometimes you can find a smaller common recurrence, but this one always works.)

Your case is the particularly easy case, $p(x)=x-2, q(x)=x-3.$

The nature of $p(x^2)q(x^2)$ is to have no odd terms, so the corresponding recurrence is has even terms depend only on previous even terms, and odd terms only on previous odd terms.