My question is from A primer on mapping class group, p.295:
I can see $X=\Delta/\Gamma$ has an induced hyperbolic structure, but why conversely any such hyperbolic structure gives a complex structure on $X$? Also for the bijection, how do we know these induced maps are inverse to each other?
The key fact which answers both of your questions is that the group of orientation preserving hyperbolic isometries of $\Delta$ is identical to the group of biholomorphic automorphisms of $\Delta$.
So, just as any Riemann surface structure on $S_g$ is the quotient of $\Delta$ by a group of bilomorphic automorphisms and hence has an induced hyperbolic structure, similarly any hyperbolic structure on $S_g$ is the quotient of $\Delta$ by a group of orientation preserving hyperbolic isometries and hence has an induced Riemann surface structure.