On the Wikipedia it says "For example, the Dirichlet function, which is 0 where it's argument is irrational and 1 otherwise, has a Lebesgue integral, but does not have a Riemann integral. Furthermore, the Lebesgue integral of this function is zero, which agrees with the intuition that when picking a real number uniformly at random from the unit interval, the probability of picking a rational number should be zero." My first question is that an explanation for the fact that picking at random a real number from the unit interval the probability of picking a rational number should be zero is that for example on (0,1), (0,1) intersected with Q is countably infinite and that (0,1) intersected with R-Q is uncountably infinite? If so, then it means that an uncountably infinite set is infinite times bigger then a countably infinite set? Another thing which I didn't get from that Wikipedia statement is why the Dirichlet function does not have a Riemann integral. I understand that for example on (0,1) there are infinite rational numbers and "probably" (I used probably because I don't know yet if what I've anticipated in my first question was correct) infinite times more irrational numbers. As far as I know the function is not continuous, so it won't be continuous on (0,1). The reason why the function is not continuous as far as I understood is that f(X0) has to be equal to the limit of the function when X converges to that X0 but the limit doesn't properly exist because of the variation of the function nearby that X0 as there are many rational and irrational numbers which converge to that X0, is my approach good? But in this case on (0,1) the points of discontinuity don't form a set that is at most countable so that it has Lebesgue measure 0? In this case on (0,1) this will be a bounded function with countably many discontinuities so it will be Riemann integrable. But also, if we consider a division with finite partitions I understand that the maximum for each partition will be 1 and the minimum will be 0 so that the maximum Darboux sum will be 1 and the minimum Darboux sum will be 0. But what if we take a division with a number of partitions which is close to infinite so that on every partition the maximum and the minimum will be the same then the maximum Darboux sum and the minimum Darboux sum will be the same so their differnce will be 0 so it is Riemann integrable. As far as I understood the Riemann integrals, for me the Dirichlet function wouldn't be Riemann integrable if only I'd knew that for example on (0,1) there are not very much rational or irrational numbers which are consecutive so that calculating the area below the graph of the Dirichlet function would be like calculating the area under some points which don't have length so it would be impossible to calculate the area of those rectangles because they don't properly have a surface.
2026-03-25 00:01:12.1774396872
I have some unclear things in mind related to integrating a Dirichlet function.
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To answer your first question, the reason why the probability of picking a rational number is zero is not because the irrationals are uncountably infinite and rationals are countably infinite. Counterexample - The Cantor set has uncountably many elements in it, however the probability of choosing an element of the Cantor set is zero. Also, on (0,1), the Dirichlet function is discontinuous at EVERY point, not just countably many points as you suggest. You can prove this using only the definitions of continuity and limits. Lastly, rational numbers are dense in real numbers which means that between any two REAL numbers, there will exist a rational number. So, it is not possible to proceed in the way that you suggested.