If a doesn't divide b and a doesn't divide c, what are the necessary conditions for having "a doesn't divide (b+c)"?

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Also if "a" is a prime, is there a specific condition or a useful property to use " a doesn't divide (b+c) ?

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Regarding the first question, you can say that $a$ does not divide $b+c$ if the sum of the remainders of the divisions $b:a$ and $c:a$ is not divisible by a.