In an OLS linear model framework, I am wondering if there are any problems in applying a linear model such as:
$$ Z - X = \beta_0 + \beta_1 X + \epsilon $$
My general feeling is that having $X$ on the LHS and RHS is problematic but i haven't been able to find anything to confirm this.
There is no problem; you can just move X to the RHS and replace $\beta_1$ with $\beta_1 + 1$. You can then obtain the OLS estimator and subtract $1$ to recover $\beta_1$.