Look at the very longest side and the two sides adjacent to it.
Say the longest side has vertices $B$ and $C$ and touches the circle at $Y$. One of the adjacent sides shares vertex $B$ and touches the circle at $X$. The other shares $C$ and touches at $Z$.
Notice that the distances $BY$ and $BX$ are equal, and the distances $CX$ and $CZ$ are equal.
So a segment of length more than $BY$ and one of length more than $CZ$ have a sum of lengths more than $BY+YC$, thus satisfying the triangle inequality.
Look at the very longest side and the two sides adjacent to it.
Say the longest side has vertices $B$ and $C$ and touches the circle at $Y$. One of the adjacent sides shares vertex $B$ and touches the circle at $X$. The other shares $C$ and touches at $Z$.
Notice that the distances $BY$ and $BX$ are equal, and the distances $CX$ and $CZ$ are equal.
So a segment of length more than $BY$ and one of length more than $CZ$ have a sum of lengths more than $BY+YC$, thus satisfying the triangle inequality.