Is a non-empty Language required to contain the empty string by definition?

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If I have some non-empty language $L$, is $\epsilon \in L$ always true by definition? Is there a good place to read about the formal definition of a Language (aside from wikipedia)?

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No, the empty string need not be in the language. A formal language is simply a set of strings over a finite alphabet, with no restrictions on the set.

If you Google "formal language theory" you'll get lots of hits. I did so, and this chapter looks pretty good.

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According to this answerer, no, even though $\emptyset \subset S$ in set theory, this does not mean that $\epsilon \in L$.