I hope guys here don't judge people by their first question :)
For a naive, like me, I don't know what this problem formal name might be or even if this a worthy problem, but hopefully this won't deter anyone with knowledge from providing guidance.
Assuming we have the following quantities :
$$ x= a-b $$ $$ y= a-c $$ $$ z= b-c $$
is it possible to get an approximate estimation of any of $a, b, c$. Or perhaps get a formula where only one of them dominates ?
The numbers $x$, $y$, and $z$ alone do not allow you to even approximately determine any of the numbers $a$, $b$, and $c$. First, note that $x+z=(a-b)+(b-c)=a-c=y$, so $y$ tells you no information that $x$ and $z$ do not already tell you.
Now given values of $x$ and $z$, let $d$ be any number. If we define $c=d$, $b=d+z$ and $a=d+x+z$, notice that these three numbers will satisfy $x=a-b$ and $z=b-c$ (and also $y=a-c$ if $y=x+z$). So given the values of $x$ and $z$, $c$ could be any number at all (whatever we want to choose $d$ to be). Similarly, $a$ and $b$ could each also be any number at all by changing $d$.
So if you know $x$ and $z$, you can't say anything about any of the numbers $a$, $b$, and $c$ individually. You just know something about how they are related to each other (namely, what the differences between them are).