Does there exist a Turing-complete system that can never be programmed to go into an infinite loop?
For all I know about Turing machines, this should not be possible. An arbitrary Turing machine can go into an infinite loop, and a Turing-complete language should be able to emulate an arbitrary Turing machine, so it should be possible to make any Turing-complete system to loop infinitely.
However, some well-credentialed person has told me (with no further explanation) that this is not the case and that I completely misunderstand this entire thing.
So tell me -- is it possible to have a Turing-complete language that can't be made to loop infinitely? If it is, then could you give me an example?
"Does there exist a Turing-complete system that can never be programmed to go into an infinite loop?"
Turing language does not exist, the machine does, and different machines do accept certain languages. Now Turing machine can accept even the regular languages but not all of regular languages are finite if that is what you asked for.