Consider the formal language $L$ over some finite alphabet $\Sigma$ consisting of all words over $\Sigma$ that have non-trivial period (non empty prefix that is also a suffix). Is $L$ always context free?
It is a modification of this question. I think it's much more difficult, because it's not possible (I think) to give a counter example. Maybe pumping lemma will do?
Let $N$ be the pumping lemma's constant, and consider $\sigma = a^N b^N a^N b^N$. The $a$s are too far apart to be pumped together, same for the $b$s.