Is there a math book which defines everything right from the beginning?

Question

To clarify, I am just a student in grade 12 so I only understand simple mathematical structures like sets, matrices, determinants and all the basic functions. My question is that, is there any one math book or something similar which defines everything from simple arithmetic to functions like logarithms or circular functions. Like a place which defines all mathematical structures exactly how they were meant to be defined?

For example there are many definitions of 'e', but what is that one definition which is the original one. Similarly, we can define trignometry using circles and triangles both, but which is the 'original' way to do it.
I hope you understand what I am trying to ask.

Answer 1

In the hope I understood what your try to ask -- you don't want to start neither with OBM, Old Babylonian Math, nor RMP, Rhind Mathematical Papyrus -- you like to see the construction plan of the math logical building. Maybe Nicolas Bourbaki could be helpful.