Limit of two-variable function: ${\lim_{(x,y) \to (0,0)} \frac{e^{x(y+1)} -x -1}{\|(x,y)\|}}$

137 Views Asked by At

I am stuck with this limit, which according to Wolfram Alpha does not exist.

$$ \begin{align} \lim_{(x,y) \to (0,0)} \frac{e^{x(y+1)} -x -1}{\|(x,y)\|} = \lim_{(x,y) \to (0,0)} \frac{e^{x(y+1)} -x -1}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}} = \lim_{r \to 0\; \forall\theta} \frac{e^{r\cos{\theta}(r\sin{\theta}+1)} -r\cos{\theta} -1}{r} \end{align} $$

From there, I thought about using the first-degree Taylor expansion in order to get rid of the exponential (which I'm not even sure I can do).

$$ \begin{split} \lim_{r \to 0\; \forall\theta} \frac{e^{r\cos{\theta}(r\sin{\theta}+1)} -r\cos{\theta} -1}{r} &= \lim_{r \to 0\; \forall\theta} \frac{1+r\cos{\theta}(r\sin{\theta}+1) -r\cos{\theta} -1}{r} \\ &=\lim_{r \to 0\; \forall\theta} \frac{1+ r^2\cos{\theta}\sin{\theta}+r\cos{\theta} -r\cos{\theta} -1}{r}\\ & = \lim_{r \to 0\; \forall\theta} \frac{r^2\cos{\theta}\sin{\theta}}{r} \\ &= \lim_{r \to 0\; \forall\theta} {r\cos{\theta}\sin{\theta}} = 0 \end{split} $$

This is apparently wrong, but I cannot think of any other way to solve this problem, and through this method the result is clearly 0. Since I am pretty sure using Taylor's theorem here is not allowed, how else could you go about solving the limit?

1

There are 1 best solutions below

2
On BEST ANSWER

By Taylor’s expansion for exponential (note that we need to expand to the second order for the presence of the $xy$ term)

$$e^{x(y+1)}=1+x(y+1)+\frac{x^2(y+1)^2}2+o(r^2)=1+x+xy+\frac{x^2}2+o(r^2)$$

then

$$\frac{e^{x(y+1)} -x -1}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}} =\frac{1+x+xy+\frac{x^2}2+o(r^2)-x -1}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}} =\frac{xy+\frac{x^2}2+o(r^2)}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}} =r\cos \theta \sin \theta +r\frac{\cos^2 \theta}2+o(r)\to 0$$