So here's the problem:-
Show that if x is small, the expression $$\sqrt{(1+x)(1-x)^{-1}}\approx 1+x+0.5x^2$$
HInt:
$$\sqrt{(1+x)(1-x)^{-1}}=(1+x)^{1/2}(1-x)^{-1/2}$$
Or $$\sqrt{(1+x)(1-x)^{-1}}=(1+x)(1-x^2)^{-1/2}$$
Now use Binomial series, $$(1+x)^n=1+nx+\dfrac{n(n-1)}2x^2+\cdots$$ for $|x|<1$
$$\sqrt{\frac{1+x}{1-x}}=\sqrt{1+\frac{2x}{1-x}}=\sqrt{1+2x\left(1+x+x^2+\ldots\right)}=$$
$$=\sqrt{1+2x+2x^2+\ldots}=1+\frac{2x+2x^2+\ldots}2-\frac{(2x+2x^2+\ldots)^2}8+\ldots=$$
$$=1+x+\left(x^2-\frac{4x^2}8\right)+\ldots=1+x+\frac12x^2+\ldots$$
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HInt:
$$\sqrt{(1+x)(1-x)^{-1}}=(1+x)^{1/2}(1-x)^{-1/2}$$
Or $$\sqrt{(1+x)(1-x)^{-1}}=(1+x)(1-x^2)^{-1/2}$$
Now use Binomial series, $$(1+x)^n=1+nx+\dfrac{n(n-1)}2x^2+\cdots$$ for $|x|<1$