Number of Non negative integer solutions of $x+2y+5z=100$

Question

Find Number of Non negative integer solutions of $x+2y+5z=100$

My attempt:

we have $x+2y=100-5z$

Considering the polynomial $$f(u)=(1-u)^{-1}\times (1-u^2)^{-1}$$

$\implies$

$$f(u)=\frac{1}{(1-u)(1+u)}\times \frac{1}{1-u}=\frac{1}{2} \left(\frac{1}{1-u}+\frac{1}{1+u}\right)\frac{1}{1-u}=\frac{1}{2}\left((1-u)^{-2}+(1-u^2)^{-1}\right)$$

we need to collect coefficient of $100-5z$ in the above given by

$$C(z)=\frac{1}{2} \left((101-5z)+odd(z)\right)$$

Total number of solutions is

$$S(z)=\frac{1}{2} \sum_{z=0}^{20} 101-5z+\frac{1}{2} \sum_{z \in odd}1$$

$$S(z)=540.5$$

what went wrong in my analysis?

Answer 1

An alternative way.

Given $x+2y+5z=100$ and it is clear that $0\le z\le20$.

For any possible values of $z$, $x+2y=100-5z$.

Let us take $p=100-5z\ge0$. Solving the equation $x+2y=p$, $(-p,p)$ is a solution. The general solution of $(x,y)$ is $$x=-p+2q,\ \ y=p-q,\ \ q\in\mathbb{Z}$$

If $p=2k$, then $k=\dfrac p2\le q\le p=2k$.

So, there are $k+1=\dfrac p2+1$ solutions for $(x,y)$

So, we have the following numbers as follows $$p=100,95,90,85,80,75,......,15,10,5,0$$and$$k+1=51,48,46,43,41,38,......,8,6,3,1$$

The total number of solutions are $$4(10+20+30+40)+5(8+6+3+1)+51=541$$

Answer 2

I will find number of solutions of equation $5x+2y+z=10 n$ in general:

clearly the positive solutions $x_0, y_0, z_0$ of this equation are corespondent to the solution $x_0+2,y_0, z_0$ of equation $5x+2y+z=10(n+1)$.Clearly for $x=>2$, finding the solutions of $5x+2y+z=10(n+1)$ will lead to finding the solution of first equation,provided we consider $x-2$ in first equation.
If the number of solutions of equation $5x+2y+z=10(n+1)$ is $\phi(n+1)$ and that of equation $5x+2y+z=10n$ is $\phi(n)$ the difference of $\phi(n+1)$ and $\phi(n)$ is equal to the number of solutions of equation $5x+2y+z=10(n+1)$ for $x=0$ and $x=1$. But this equation has $5n+6$ solutions for $x=0$, (i.e. $0=<y=<5n+5)$ and it has $5n+3$ solutions for $x=1$, (i.e $0=<y=<5n+2)$. Therefore we have:

$\phi(n+1)-\phi(n)=10n+9$

We can also search and find that $\phi(1)=10$, so we can write:

$\phi(1)=10$

$\phi(2)-\phi(1)=10\times 1+9$

$\phi(3)-\phi(2)=10\times 2+9$ .

.

.

$\phi(n)-\phi(n-1)=10(n-1)+9$

Summing theses relations gives:

$\phi(n)=5n^2 +4n +1$

In your question $n=10$, therefore number of solutions is $\phi(10)=5.10^2+4.10+1=541$

Answer 3

Note that the number of non-negative integer solutions of the following equation $$ x+y=n $$ is $n+1$. Here $n$ is a non-negative integer. Clearly $5|(x+2y)$. Let $$x+2y=5k\tag{1}$$ where $0\le k\le 20$. For (1), if $k$ is odd, then so is $x$, and if $k$ is even, then so is $x$.

Case 1: $k$ is odd. Let $k=2n-1$ and $x=2m-1$. Then $1\le n\le 10$ and (1) becomes $$ m+y=5n-2 $$ whose number of non-negative integer solutions is $5n-1$.

Case 2: $k$ is even. Let $k=2n$ and $x=2m$. Then $0\le n\le 10$ and (1) becomes $$ m+y=5n $$ whose number of non-negative integer solutions is $5n+1$.

Thus the number of non-negative integer solutions is $$ \sum_{n=1}^{10}(5n-1)+\sum_{n=0}^{10}(5n+1)=551 $$

Answer 4

Given: $x+2y=100-5z$, tabulate: $$\begin{array}{c|c|c} z&x&\text{count}\\ \hline 0&100,98,\cdots, 0&\color{red}{51}\\ 1&\ \ 95,93,\cdots, 1&\color{blue}{48}\\ 2&\ \ 90,88,\cdots, 0&\color{red}{46}\\ 3&\ \ 85,83,\cdots, 1&\color{blue}{43}\\ 4&\ \ 80,78,\cdots, 0&\color{red}{41}\\ \vdots&\vdots&\vdots\\ 17&15,13,\cdots,1&\color{blue}{8}\\ 18&10,8,\cdots,0&\color{red}{6}\\ 19&5,3,1&\color{blue}{3}\\ 20&0&\color{red}{1}\\ \hline &&\color{red}{286}+\color{blue}{255}=541 \end{array}$$