Using the closed-form that provide us Wolfram Alpha of the similar definite integral involving the Euler-Mascheroni constant $$\int_0^\infty e^{-x}\log^3x dx $$
integrate e^(-x)log^3(x)dx, from x=0 to infinite
one can calculate when do the change of variable $x=e^u$ that $$\int_0^\infty \sum_{k=0}^\infty \frac{(-1)^k}{k!}e^{(k+1)u}u^3 du-6-6\sum_{k=1}^\infty\frac{(-1)^k}{k!(k+1)^4}=-2\zeta(3)-\gamma^3-\frac{\gamma\pi^2}{2}.$$
After calculate by integration by parts the integral in LHS, and one more time using Wolfram Alpha one can write that
$$3\int_0^\infty x^2 e^{-e^x}dx=3\cdot 2\cdot G_{3,4}^{4,0}\left(1\left|\begin{smallmatrix}1,1,1\\ 0,0,0,0\end{smallmatrix}\right.\right),$$ where this RHS is a particular value of the Meijer G-Function, you can see with this code
integrate x^2 e^(-e^x)dx, from x=0 to infinite.
And finally I've calculated with Wolfram Alfa
$$\sum_{k=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^k}{k! (k+1)^4}=_4F_4(1,1,1,1;2,2,2,2;-1)-1,$$
where in RHS is a particular value of a hypergeometric, see if you need it
sum (-1)^k/((k+1)^4 k!), from k=1 to infinite.
I would like to clarify if were justified all steps, is not neccesary all calculations, only if were justified, and if there are mistakes, because I've doubts.
Question. Can you provide us a summary as a guideline about how justify the more important steps, those in which could have more doubts? Aren't required the calculations in detail. Many thanks.
Do you want to know something about Apéry's constant and Euler-Mascheroni constant, Meijer G-Function and a hypergeometric or simply solve the integral ?
For the first case I cannot help you well (sorry) but for the second case I continue as follows:
Be $ \enspace\displaystyle F(z):=\Gamma(1+z)=\lim\limits_{n\to\infty}\frac{n^z}{\prod\limits_{k=1}^n\left(1+\frac{z}{k}\right)}$ . $\hspace{0.5cm}$Value range: It's enough to choose real $z>-1$ .
It’s $\enspace \displaystyle \frac{d}{dz}\ln F(z)|_{z=0}=-\gamma $
and $\enspace\displaystyle \frac{d^k}{dz^k}\ln F(z)|_{z=0}=(-1)^k(k-1)!\zeta(k)\enspace$ for natural number $\enspace k\geq 2$ .
And it’s $\enspace \displaystyle \sum\limits_{k=0}^\infty \frac{z^k}{k!} \int\limits_0^\infty e^{-x}(\ln x)^k dx= \int\limits_0^\infty e^{-x} \sum\limits_{k=0}^\infty \frac{(z\ln x)^k}{k!}dx= \int\limits_0^\infty e^{-x}x^z dx=F(z) $
which leads to $\enspace\displaystyle \int\limits_0^\infty e^{-x}(\ln x)^k dx= \frac{d^k}{dz^k} F(z)|_{z=0}$ . $\hspace{2cm}$ (Taylorseries)
For the case $\enspace k=3\enspace $ we get
$\displaystyle \int\limits_0^\infty e^{-x}(\ln x)^3 dx= F’’’(z)|_{z=0}=$
$\displaystyle =F(z)( (\ln F(z))’^3 +3(\ln F(z))’ (\ln F(z))’’+2(\ln F(z))’’’ )|_{z=0}=-\gamma^3-3\gamma\zeta(2)-2\zeta(3)$ .