I am fascinated by mathematical conjectures, especially those that are believed to be false. Now I wonder, are there some mathematical conjectures for which the numerical search would be promising? What would be conditions for such conjectures? For example, there shouldn't have been extensive search already, and it should be (widely?) believed to be false.
For instance, I think the Riemann hypothesis is a bad example (much investigated and not believed to be wrong), but Firoozbakht's conjecture might be a good canditate (believed to be wrong, and not so famous).
Are there conjectures which fulfill those, or other conditions of that kind?
Edit: A very good example has just been published, namely the Boolean Pythagorean triples problem, where the researchers have used a computer to check roughly one trillion different possible solutions and found a negative result (see more in the Nature News&Views article).
Edit2: Another very nice example has just been presented at Numberphile, asking whether or not numbers can be written as the sum of three cubed numbers.
(Posting this as an answer, in part because the comments thread is already too long.) Here is a relatively new open question (2016) where a numerical search for counterexamples seems promising:
Let $q$ and $r$ be fixed coprime positive integers, $$ 1 \le r < q, \qquad \gcd(q,r)=1. $$ Suppose that two prime numbers $p$ and $p'$, with $p<p'$, satisfy $$ p \equiv p' \equiv r \ ({\rm mod}\ q), \tag{1} $$ and no other primes between $p$ and $p'$ satisfy $(1)$. Then we have the following
Naive generalization of Cramer's conjecture to primes in a residue class: $$ p'-p ~<~ \varphi(q) \log^2 p'. \tag{2} $$
(PrimePuzzles Conjecture 77, A. Kourbatov, 2016). See arXiv:1610.03340, "On the distribution of maximal gaps between primes in residue classes" for further details, including the motivation for the $\varphi(q)$ constant. As usual, here $\varphi(n)$ denotes Euler's totient function.
Note: The logarithm in $(2)$ is taken of the prime $p'$ at the larger end of the "gap" $[p,p']$. (If instead we take the log of $p$, the smaller end of the "gap", then counterexamples are easy to find.)