Other functions satisfying the cosine-double-angle formula?

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The cosine function satisfies its double-angle formula

$$(f(x))^2 = \frac{f(2x)+1}{2}$$

Now I was wondering if there are other continuous or even smooth (or other "sufficiently well behaved") functions $f: \mathbb K \to \mathbb K$ (with $\mathbb K = \mathbb R$ or $\mathbb C$) satisfying this equation.

My first attempt to solve this functional equation was differentiating it and applying techniques from solving differential equations, but unfortunately the $2x$ in the argument excludes standard methdos. For completeness sake, the equation would be

$$2f(x) f'(x) = f'(2x).$$

(With $f(0) = 1$ or $-0.5$ from the first equation.)

Are there any other methods to tackle this problem?