Let $t_1$, $t_2$, $t_3$ and $t_4$ be the angular coordinates of 4 points on the unit circle. These points form two arcs $A_1 = (t_1, t_2)$ and $A_2 = (t_3, t_4)$. I would like to write an equation for the arc length of the overlap between the two arcs.
The best I have come up with so far is:
- For each arc, if it crosses the angular coordinate 0, split it into two arcs $(t_l, 2\pi)$ and $(0, t_r)$. Thus, any of the original arcs may be split into one or two arcs.
- For each pair of arcs that come from different original arcs, find overlap normally, as if they were not periodic
- If multiple overlaps are obtained this way, add them up.
While this procedure works, I find it quite inelegant. I can't escape the feeling that there should be a simpler procedure to do this, but it evades me.