I am to use MATLAB to find the partial fraction expansion of the following function. Can this be done in that format or do I have to manipulate the function?
Note: This must be done using pure MATLAB only. No add-ons or anything like that. Not even Math Toolbox.

The matlab function residue does the job. For multiplication of the polynomial roots to convert to standard form use conv:
with r, p and k containing the partial fraction decomposition:
$\frac{b(s)}{a(s)} = k + \sum_i \frac{r_i}{s - p_i}$
check also documentation of the residue function. It is part of the base package and does not need toolboxes.