Predicate Logic - How Specific to Be When Converting From English Sentence

40 Views Asked by At

I'm learning predicate logic, and one of the tasks is to translate English statements into predicate logic. I'm struggling with understanding how specific you have to be.
Suppose you have a statement like "there exists a person who cannot run". Are these both valid representations of that statement:

∃x P(X) ∧ ¬R(X) where P(x) means x is a person, and R(x) means x can run.

∃x ¬R(x) where R(x) means x can run, and the domain of x is all people

Another example with a more complex statement could be "Everybody knows someone who is a runner":

∀x∃y P(x) ∧ P(y) ∧ R(y) ∧ KN(x, y) where P(x) means x is a person, R(x) means x can run, and KN(x, y) means x and y know each other

∀x∃y R(y) ∧ KN(x, y) where R(x) means x can run, and KN(x, y) means x and y know each other and the domain of x and y is all people.

Are both of these valid and representative of the statement?