Proofs of the multiplication or chain rule for derivatives that invoke symmetry

104 Views Asked by At

Introductory calculus texts sometimes include direct proofs of the multiplication and chain rules for derivatives by:

  1. Introducing a pair of differences $D_f=\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}-f'(x)$ and $D_g=\frac{g(y+k)-g(y)}{k}-g'(y)$
  2. Expressing $f(x+h)$ and $g(y+k)$ in terms of $D_f$ and $D_g$
  3. Substituting those expressions in the definition of derivative for the rule
  4. Noting that $D_f$ goes to $0$ with $h$ and $D_g$ goes to $0$ with $k$ and $h$ goes to $0$ with $k$.

I don't know if it's just me but these proofs seem awfully unsatisfying.

More insightful is the motivation for the substitutions (say, in terms of linear approximations at a point).

But I wonder now if there is a route to a different kind of proof that takes advantage of the "interchangability-symmetry" of $f$ and $g$ in the case of $f g$ or even in the case of composition. For products, it really seems like there could be some symmetry-based argument when you consider the formula $f'g + g'f$.

So, my question is, is there an alternative proof or even just another way to look at this in terms of symmetry?