Proofs that $f^{(100)}(0)= -\frac1{101}$, where $f(x) = \frac{\sin x}x$ and $f(0)=1$

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4, Let $$f(x)=\begin{cases} \dfrac{\sin{x}}{x}&x\neq 0\\ 1&x=0 \end{cases}$$ Find the value $f^{(100)}(0)$.

I find that $$f^{(100)}(0)=-\dfrac{1}{101}$$ by noticing $$\dfrac{\sin{x}}{x}=\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}(-1)^{2k-1}\dfrac{1}{(2k-1)!}x^{2k-2}$$

Do you know other nice methods?

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Here's a reasonably short alternative; it uses a bit of complex number theory.

Note that by Euler's formula, $\dfrac{\sin x}x = \operatorname{im}\left(\dfrac{e^{ix}}{x}\right)$.

Now we introduce a new variable $k$ (with the intention that $k = 1$), and note that:

$$\frac{e^{ikx}}x =\int_0^k -ie^{i\kappa x}\,\mathrm d\kappa$$

Interchanging differentiation, integration and the imaginary part $\operatorname{im}$, we obtain that:

$$\begin{align} f^{(100)}(0) &= \left.\frac{\mathrm d^{100}}{\mathrm dx^{100}} \left(\operatorname{im}\int_0^k -ie^{i\kappa x}\,\mathrm d\kappa\right) \right\vert_{x=0,k=1}\\ &=\left.\operatorname{im}\int_0^k \frac{\mathrm d^{100}}{\mathrm dx^{100}} \left(-ie^{i\kappa x}\right)\,\mathrm d\kappa\right\vert_{x=0,k=1}\\ &= \left.\operatorname{im} \int_0^k-i(i\kappa)^{100}e^{i\kappa x}\,\mathrm d\kappa\right\vert_{x=0,k=1}\\ &= \left.\operatorname{im}\int_0^k -i\kappa^{100}\,\mathrm d\kappa\right\vert_{k=1}\\ &= \left.\operatorname{im} \frac{-ik^{101}}{101}\right\vert_{k=1}\\ &= -\frac1{101} \end{align}$$

where it was used that $i^{100} = 1$.

Note how crucial it was that we knew we were evaluating at $x = 0$; for unknown $x$, the integral can't be resolved in elementary terms.