Is my proof for the statement in question correct?
Let $x \in\mathbb{Z} $ with $x=10r-5$ for some $r \in \mathbb {Z} $. Then for $n \in \mathbb {Z} $ we have $x=5 (2n-1)=5k $ where $k\in\mathbb {Z} $ is by definition odd. Thus, $x$ is divisible by $5$ and hence is a multiple of $5.$
Your proof is correct. Two nitpicks: