Proving some identities about the time derivative of the k-th covariant derivatives of scalar curvature under normalized Ricci flow on surfaces

106 Views Asked by At

I'm trying to prove the following identities (under the normalized Ricci flow on surfaces, on which $\partial_t g = (r-R)g$ holds true, where $r$ denotes the average scalar curvature and has the same sign as the Euler characteristic):

$$ \frac{\partial}{\partial t}\left(\nabla^{k} R\right)=\Delta \nabla^{k} R-r\left(\nabla^{k} R\right)+\sum_{j=0}^{\lfloor k / 2\rfloor}\left(\nabla^{j} R\right) \otimes_{g}\left(\nabla^{k-j} R\right) $$

$$ \begin{array}{l} \frac{\partial}{\partial t}(|\nabla^k R |^2) =\Delta\left|\nabla^{k} R\right|^{2}-2\left|\nabla^{k+1} R\right|^{2}-(k+2) r\left|\nabla^{k} R\right|^{2} +\left(\nabla^{k} R\right) \otimes_{g}\left[\sum_{j=0}^{\lfloor k / 2\rfloor}\left(\nabla^{j} R\right) \otimes_{g}\left(\nabla^{k-j} R\right)\right] \end{array} $$

where by $A \otimes_g B$ we refer to any tensor field which is a finite linear combination of contractions and metric contractions of the tensor product $A \otimes B$. Now, I've already proven that the following hold:

$$\partial_{t} \nabla R=\Delta \nabla R+\frac{3}{2} R \nabla R-r \nabla R$$ $$ \nabla^{n} \Delta R-\Delta \nabla^{n} R=\sum_{j=0}^{\lfloor n / 2\rfloor}\left(\nabla^{j} R\right) \otimes_{g(t)}\left(\nabla^{n-j} R\right) $$ $$ \begin{array}{c} \nabla^{n} R^{2}=\displaystyle{\sum_{j=0}^{\lfloor n / 2\rfloor}\left(\nabla^{j} R\right) \otimes_{g(t)}\left(\nabla^{n-j} R\right) }\\ \left(\frac{\partial}{\partial t} \Gamma\right) \otimes_{g(t)}\left(\nabla^{j} R\right)=(\nabla R) \otimes_{g(t)}\left(\nabla^{j} R\right) \end{array} $$ $$ \frac{\partial}{\partial t}\left(\nabla_{k_{1}} \nabla_{k_{2}} \ldots \nabla_{k_{n}} R\right)=\nabla_{k_{1}}\left\{\partial_t \nabla_{k_{2}} \ldots \nabla_{k_{n}} R\right\}-\sum_{l=2}^{n}\left(\partial_{t} \Gamma_{k_{1} k_{l}}^{m}\right) \nabla_{k_{2}} \ldots \nabla_{k_{l-1}} \nabla_{m} \ldots \nabla_{k_{n}} R $$

So, to prove the first formula for the evolution of $\nabla^k R$, I used recursive applications of this last identity just above, but I'd like someone to check my work. I noticed there would be terms of the form:

\begin{align*} \nabla_{k_1} \cdots \nabla_{k_{n-1}}(\partial_t \nabla_{k_n} R) &= \nabla_{k_1} \cdots \nabla_{k_{n-1}}(\Delta \nabla_{k_n}R + \frac{3}{2} R \nabla_{k_n} R - r \nabla_{k_n R}) \\ &= \nabla_{k_1} \cdots \nabla_{k_{n-1}} ( \nabla_{k_n} \Delta R + \Sigma + \frac{3}{2} R \nabla_{k_n} R - r \nabla_{k_n R} )\\ &=\nabla^k \Delta R + \Sigma - r(\nabla^{k} R) \\ &=\Delta \nabla^k R + \Sigma - r(\nabla^k R) \end{align*}

where by $\Sigma$ I'm denoting $\displaystyle{\sum_{j=0}^{\lfloor k / 2\rfloor}\left(\nabla^{j} R\right) \otimes_{g}\left(\nabla^{k-j} R\right)}$ to avoid taking up too much space. The remaining terms are of the form:

$$ \left(\partial_{t} \Gamma\right) \otimes \nabla^{k-1} R=\nabla R \otimes \nabla^{k-1} R=\Sigma $$

and so we have proved the first identity. But I didn't manage to prove the second one. We have:

$$\begin{aligned} \frac{\partial}{\partial t}\left|\nabla^{k} R\right|^{2} &= \frac{\partial}{\partial t}\left(g^{i_1 p_1} \cdots g^{i_k p_k} \nabla_{i_1} \cdots \nabla_{i_k} R \nabla_{p_1} \cdots \nabla_{p_k} R\right) \\ &=(R-r)k \|\nabla^k R \|^2 + 2 \langle \nabla^k R, \partial_t(\nabla^k R) \rangle \end{aligned} $$

and since

\begin{align*} 2 \langle \nabla^k R, \partial_t(\nabla^k R) \rangle &= 2 \langle \nabla^k R, \Delta \nabla^k R + \Sigma - r \nabla^k R \rangle \\ &=2 \langle \nabla^k R, \Delta \nabla^k R \rangle + 2 \langle \nabla^k R, \Sigma \rangle - 2r \|\nabla^k R\|^2 \end{align*}

We're then left to prove that:

$$2 \langle \nabla^k R, \Delta \nabla^k R \rangle = -kR \|\nabla^k R\|^2 + \Delta \|\nabla^k R\|^2 - 2 \|\nabla^{k+1} R\|^2$$

but I've been stuck on this one for a while. I'd really appreciate some help on this! Thanks in advance.