We have $p\lor q\equiv (p\Rightarrow q)\Rightarrow q$. I am trying to show that there is no such formula representing "$\land$". I tried showing that if we could, we would then be able to deduce $\bot$, but without success. I also tried writing: $$f(p\Rightarrow q)=1+f(p)+f(p)f(q)\mod 2$$ where $f$ is a valuation, then given some formula $\varphi$ in terms of $p,q,\Rightarrow$ if I can show we cannot get: $$f(\varphi)=f(p)f(q)\mod 2$$ through a series of iterations, I would be done. Again unsuccessful (unless I go through a painful case bash). This is meant to be an easy question so I am obviously missing something silly - would appreciate a nudge.
2026-04-09 02:05:57.1775700357
Proving that $p\land q$ cannot be written in terms of $p,q,\Rightarrow$
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Hint: Try proving by induction on length that any expression you can write in terms of $p,q,$ and $\Rightarrow$ is true for at least two different pairs of truth values for $(p,q)$.
(Alternatively, instead of thinking of it in terms of induction, you can think about the very last instance of $p$ or $q$ appearing in the expression. Whenever that last instance is true, the entire expression will be true. Of course, if you want to prove this completely rigorously, you will end up needing to use induction.)