Consider the unit tangent $T = P'(t)/||P'(t)||$ and curvature $K = T'$ of a curve $P(t)$. The curvature being the derivative of the unit tangent by definition.
If I were to show that $K$ is orthogonal to $T$, would it be mathematically enough to show that
$2T * T' = 0$
derived from the fact that the dot product of T with itself is one. It is quite intuitive that if $2T$ is orthogonal to something then $T$ must be as well, but is that a solid proof? If not, then how would I show the orthogonality of K and T?
Yes, that is correct.
Just divide by 2.