Consider two Metric Spaces $(U, d_{U})$ and $(V, d_{V})$.
Here let
$f: U \rightarrow V$
Then $f$ is an isometry between if
$\forall u_{i}, u_{j} \in U$
$d_{U}(u_{i},u_{j}) = d_{V}(f(u_{i}), f(u_{j}))$
I'm interested in studying a different type of mapping in which the ranking of distances between a set element are preserved, i.e.
Let $u_{T}, u_{1}, u_{2}, \dots u_{n} \in U$ and let
$d_{U}(u_{T}, u_{1}) \leq d_{U}(u_{T}, u_{2}) \leq \cdots \leq d_{U}(u_{T}, u_{1})$
Then I'm interested in studying maps between $U$ and $V$ such that this is preserved, i.e.
$g:U \rightarrow W$
$d_{U}(u_{T}, u_{1}) \leq d_{U}(u_{T}, u_{2}) \leq \cdots \leq d_{U}(u_{T}, u_{1}) \rightarrow d_{W}(g(u_{T}), g(u_{1})) \leq d_{W}(g(u_{T}), g(u_{2})) \leq \cdots \leq d_{W}(g(u_{T}), g(u_{1}))$
Is this studied at all? and if so, where should I go to find more information about it?
The chain of inequalities forces equality to hold because the last term in the inequality is the same as the first. Your condition is equivalent to $f$ being isometric.