I am wondering if there are any interesting relations or interpretations between the total area of the squares and the triangle area?
I am not looking for variants of Heron's formula. I am looking for a relation in the style: "the ratio between the total square area and triangle area is proportional to the circumradius of the triangle" (fictive sentence).

Yes, there is. Let the squares have areas $A,B,C$ then the area $T$ of the triangle satisfies $$16T^2=4(AB+BC+CA)-(A+B+C)^2.$$
See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heron%27s_formula