If $R$ is a commutative ring, why is every $x$ in $R$ integral over $R$?
I can't see what monic polynomial will have $x$ as a root.
If $R$ is a commutative ring, why is every $x$ in $R$ integral over $R$?
I can't see what monic polynomial will have $x$ as a root.
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Have you tried the polynomial $f(T)=T-x\in R[T]$?