When using $Z_{1}, Z_{2} \sim \mathcal{N}(0,1)$ to build a general bivariate normal with arbitrary parameters $\mu_{X}, \mu_{Y}, \sigma_{X}, \sigma_{Y}, \rho$, where does the term $\left[\rho Z_{1}+\sqrt{1-\rho^{2}} Z_{2}\right]$ in the transformation below come form ?
\begin{array}{l} X=\sigma_{X} Z_{1}+\mu_{X} \\ Y=\sigma_{Y}\left[\rho Z_{1}+\sqrt{1-\rho^{2}} Z_{2}\right]+\mu_{Y} \end{array}
Is this related to the variance-covariance matrix $\sum$ ?
Any clues appreciated, just getting started with bivariate normal theory.
Let $Z_{1}, Z_{2} \sim \mathcal{N}(0,1)$ then $$ \begin{aligned}\left(\begin{array}{c}X \\ Y\end{array}\right) &=\boldsymbol{\mu}+\operatorname{Chol}(\boldsymbol{\Sigma}) \mathbf{Z} \\ &=\left(\begin{array}{c}\mu_{X} \\ \mu_{Y}\end{array}\right)+\left(\begin{array}{cc}\sigma_{X} & 0 \\ \rho \sigma_{Y} & \sigma_{Y}\left(1-\rho^{2}\right)^{1 / 2}\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{c}Z_{1} \\ Z_{2}\end{array}\right) \\ &=\left(\begin{array}{c}\mu_{X} \\ \mu_{Y}\end{array}\right)+\left(\begin{array}{c}\sigma_{X} Z_{1} \\ \rho \sigma_{Y} Z_{1}+\sigma_{Y}\left(1-\rho^{2}\right)^{1 / 2} Z_{2}\end{array}\right) \\ X &=\mu_{X}+\sigma_{X} Z_{1} \\ Y &=\mu_{Y}+\sigma_{Y}\left[\rho Z_{1}+\left(1-\rho^{2}\right)^{1 / 2} Z_{2}\right] \end{aligned} $$
where $\operatorname{Chol}(\mathbf{\mathbf{\sum}})$ is the Cholesky decomposition.
We define the Cholesky Decomposition for a symmetric, positive definite matrix $\mathbf{X}$ as $\mathbf{L}=\operatorname{Chol}(\mathbf{X})$ where $L$ is a lower triangular matrix such that $L L^{T}=X$
To find the lower triangular matrix $L$, we solve for $a,b,c$ in the following system:
$\left(\begin{array}{cc}a & 0 \\ b & c\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{cc}a & b \\ 0 & c\end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{array}{cc}a^{2} & a b \\ a b & b^{2}+c^{2}\end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{array}{cc}\sigma_{X}^{2} & \rho \sigma_{X} \sigma_{Y} \\ \rho \sigma_{X} \sigma_{Y} & \sigma_{Y}^{2}\end{array}\right)$
The right-hand matrix is the variance-covariance matrix.
See these lecture slides:
https://www2.stat.duke.edu/courses/Spring12/sta104.1/Lectures/Lec22.pdf