I ran into some strange notation in Goldstein et al. (2002), and I was wondering what the story behind it is (e.g. where else I might find such notation, what is the point of it...).
The authors use $\therefore$ instead of $=$, a cursive $\theta$ instead of $+$, and $\Lambda$ instead of minus.

This version of the paper doesn't seem to have weird notation. I think you might be reading a glitched version.