Topos as the category of sheaves on a site and topos as a full category with geometric morphisms.

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I'm not positive where to start contrasting topoi as the categories of sheaves on a site with topoi as full categories with geometric morphisms. The former has objects which I know are able to be "stacks" or "2-sheaves" which are sheaves with a value in $\mathcal{Cat}$. The latter doesn't apparently have to do with the sheaves anymore.... what are some ways they are alike please?