Understanding the space defined by a 2 dimensional vector

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I was watching a 3b1b video when he explained the relationship between a 1*2 matrix and a 2-dimensional vector, now he talks about how we can Interpret a 2-dimensional vector as a tilted number line, however, I am new to linear Algebra and I would like to know how is this space created by the 2-dimensional vector "tilted number line (1 dimensional)" defined in the math world, I would like to see some explanation of how this new space works

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this vector is seen as a space where the 2-dimensional space is transformed with the 1*2 matrix

I think this space is a line defined by u, or is there any other explanation related to vector spaces?