Universal covering space for the following topological spaces.

748 Views Asked by At

I want to find the universal covering space for the following spaces.

  1. Punctured Disc
  2. A solid Torus
  3. Union of Sphere in $R^{3}$ and one of it's diameter
  4. Torus union a disc

5.

enter image description here

Any hint,

I know how to find universal covering space of wedge sum of two topological spaces. I learned it from here.

But I don't have any idea for the above mentioned spaces, How should I proceed ?