I want to find the universal covering space for the following spaces.
- Punctured Disc
- A solid Torus
- Union of Sphere in $R^{3}$ and one of it's diameter
- Torus union a disc
5.
Any hint,
I know how to find universal covering space of wedge sum of two topological spaces. I learned it from here.
But I don't have any idea for the above mentioned spaces, How should I proceed ?
