Has anyone mathematically studied voting systems in which NO is one of the options, or more precisely in which one of the possible outcomes is that none of the candidates win? If so, where can I read about them?
One possible way to design such a voting system is to simply include NO as one of the candidates and use any ordinary voting system. But there are other ways one might imagine designing such a system, and I'd like to know whether any of them has advantages (or disadvantages).