I am required to find a research topic in this domain, so I'm really interested in finding out what kind of problems are covered in this domain, and how others are using these techniques to solve them. Preferably, I'd be more interested in if/how one can use them in Machine Learning or Pattern Recognition.
I know this is a very open-ended questions, so I will not get a concrete answer. At this point, I only require a board answer to help me get started to get acquainted more with this area.